Abstract
Treatment with medicinal plants occupied a large place in medical and pharmaceutical sciences and became a safe source for the pharmaceutical industry at the beginning of the current century, as attention was paid to using them in the programs of the World Health Organization (WHO) despite the great development in the fields of chemistry, pharmacy and the chemical drug industry, as it indicated Recent studies have shown the effect of medicinal plants as antioxidants, an alternative to medications and chemical treatments Creatine monohydrate supplements are among the most popular nutritional supplements in the world Creatine synthesis occurs naturally in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas using three amino acids: arginine, glycine, and methionine, to be stored within the skeletal muscles, which represents 95% of the total of this storage and can be found in the form of free creatine 40% or phosphorylated creatine 60%. Internally Creatine supplements have been used in bodybuilding. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of Eruca sativa leaves extract ZnO nanoparticles on the liver of male rats exposed to the to the high dose of Creatine. In this investigation, a total of 48 male rats were utilized. The research encompassed two experimental trials. The initial study involved 24 rats over a 30-day period to determine the optimal concentration of the zinc oxide nanoparticles of Eruca sativa. The concentrations used were 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg.BW., all of which were deemed safe for use. The second experiment aimed to assess the impact of the nano-extract at the chosen concentration (60 mg/kg.BW.) on the toxicity caused by creatine dosing (4 g/kg) over a 60-day period. The rats were divided into four groups:The experiment involved the administration of 1 ml of a physiological solution with a concentration of 0.09% (G1). According to the experimental protocol, the animals were administered a zinc oxide nanoparticle of Eruca sativa at a concentration of 60 mg/kg (G2). A dosage of creatine monohydrate (4 g/kg) was administered to the animals (G3). (G4): This group serves as the preventative group, and its animals were administered a zinc oxide nanoparticle of Eruca sativa at a dosage of 60 mg/kg, followed by a treatment of creatine at a dosage of 4 g/kg one hour later. the results of the study showed that there was no significant difference (P≥0.05) between the G2 and G1 in the AST, ALT and ALP. Respectively, an increase in AST, ALT and ALP was recorded in G3 compared to G1. The results of the histological results in the current study showed in G2 showed similarity to normal tissue, as it consists of a central vein and a regularity of the hepatic cords composed of polygonal hepatic cells and spherical nuclei with the presence of hepatic sinusoids. also did not notice any histological changes When compared with G1, G3 showed irregularity of the hepatic cords with slight dilatation of the central vein and congestion in the hepatic sinusoids with congestion in the central vein and the presence of slight degeneration of hepatic cells in some areas of the liver and necrosis of hepatic cells also showed infiltration of inflammatory cells compared to G1, G4 showed that The tissue is closer to normal, with regularity of the hepatic cords and a slight expansion of the sinusoids and the central vein compared to the group treated with creatine and G1. In conclusion, the results of this article revealed positive clinical and histopathological effects of Eruca sativa leaves extract ZnO NPs effect on the adverse effects of Creatine - induced liver injury.