Abstract
The study was investigation to characterize and compare the histological architecture and histochemical characteristics of the abomasum between Hamadini and Awassi sheep. Ten samples of abomasum from each animal, and five specimens (0.8 cm) from each of the portion of abomasum. According to the study, all animals had three regions in the abomasum: the cardiac, fundic, and pyloric. The glands in the lamina properia of each region were different from one another; the fundus region were covered by correct gastric glands, which had no folds in the mucosa as well as deep gastric pits alongside long glands, while the cardiac glands were mucus-secreting, shallow pits, and short glands with pale, smooth mucosa. Because of the well-developed gastric rugae, which are lined with pyloric glands that secrete mucus and have deeper pits but shorter glands than the fundic region, the mucosa is reddish, and thick. The mucosa looks to be extensively folded, and the pyloric canal is lined with many rugae. Internal, the pyloric sphincter produces a clear circular ring. Awassi sheep often eat higher-energy diets, have thicker abomasal layers, and have higher metabolism and digestive demands. They also need quicker digestion and absorption for milk production and growth. Hamdani sheep have an effective digestive system and are suited to eating poor-quality feed. Rich foods promote increased production of enzymes and acids, as well as increased activity of the gastric glands. The final layer, the tunica serosa, is made of connective tissue that is loose and has blood vessels, while the tunica muscularis appears as circular as well as longitudinal layers. muscle layer thickening to improve stomach emptying, mixing, and motility. According to histochemical data, the stomach cells' composition varied across the abomasal sections and between animals, with Awassi exhibiting a higher mucous secretion. With PAS and AB, the mucous cell mucin staining intensity is faint in the heart, moderate, and robust in the fundic and pyloric. In conclusion, The abomasal regions' varying interior and exterior surfaces correspond to their different digestive functions. The continuous effort to determine the degree of connection across sheep species is aided by this study, which revealed both similarities and variations in the histological architecture of the abomasum.