الملخص

  Prebiotics are indigestible food ingredients, mostly dietary fibers, that specifically promote the development and activity of good bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the stomach. Prebiotics support a healthy gut microbiota by acting as a food supply for these advantageous bacteria, in contrast to probiotics, which are living microorganisms. Since 70–80% of immune cells are found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), the gut microbiome is essential for immune system regulation. Prebiotics improve the body's capacity to combat infections, lower inflammation, and preserve immunological homeostasis by indirectly influencing immune responses through gut microbiota modulation. The fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in garlic (Allium sativum), a popular prebiotic, are resistant to digestion and act as substrates for good gut flora. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyrate, propionate, and acetate, are produced when these bacteria ferment FOS. These SCFAs improve the integrity of the intestinal barrier, lower inflammation, and control immunological responses. As a nutritional element garlic possesses distinct properties to boost immune function because its active compounds including allicin demonstrate anti-bacterial and immunostimulatory action