الملخص

        Breeding symptoms in sheep (ovis aries) are complicated, many genes affected by genes and environmental factors, as well as influenced by interaction between them. The polymorphisms in many genes associated with reproductive symptoms have been recorded in breeds by many sheep worldwide. Breeding symptoms significantly affect the profitability of lamb cultivation, which is eventually expressed in the number of lambs per lamb. Since most events only produce a lamb due to low reproductive efficiency or poor genetics, it is of great scientific and economic importance to identify genes responsible for specific reproductive symptoms. Ovulation is a complex mechanism that varies between species and depends on genetic and environmental factors. Mammals can have either mono-convulatory or poly-convulatory, which may be based on the number of eggs released during ripe and ovulation. The BMP system is an important ovary regulatory system, which plays an important role in the mechanism responsible for choosing follicles in large household species. Development of follicle in the ovaries of mammal species is strongly influenced by different BMPs, so we recognize the importance of assessing these factors, which play an important role in affecting ovulation, coup discrimination and cumulous expansion. The BMP family has more than 30 members, with BMP15 most important. Development discrimination factor 9 (GDF9) gen is an important breeding gene studied in many sheep. The polymorphisms in these genes have shown significant relationships with fertility symptoms such as ovulation speed and garbage size and have been used in reproductive programs. The transforming growth factor Beta (TGF-β) Different mutations in the GDF9 genes in the family have been shown to affect the fertility of the sheep. Increasing garbage size is important for the profitability of sheep production, but it is just one of the several factors that makes lamb cultivation profitable. In the sheep, genetic variation in the size of the garbage and ovulation speed is widely documented, and many conclusions have indicated sufficient differences between the breeds and within different mechanisms. Given that breeding symptoms have less heredity, and the selection is slow and disabled depending on phenotype values, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between genes and these symptoms, which emphasizes the relationship between polymorphism in GDF9 and BMP15.