الملخص

Researchers from a wide range of disciplines have lately been interested in nanoparticles because of their many uses and unique physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Furthermore, because of their distinct optical, electrical, mechanical, magnetic, and chemical characteristics  all of which are a result of their tiny size and huge surface area nanoparticle research has advanced more quickly than that of bulk materials. Gold nanoparticles are one type of metallic nanoparticle  that  finds  utility  in  cutting-edge  technologies  such  as  organic  photovoltaics, therapeutic agents, sensory probes, drug delivery in biological and medical applications, electrical conductors, and catalysis. Scientists have long been aware of gold nanoparticles' antibacterial qualities, but the exact mechanism behind this action has remained unknown. By examining this mechanism further, researchers have now demonstrated why gold nanoparticles kill bacteria. Although the method by which certain nanoparticles kill bacteria has long been understood by scientists, it has remained a mystery. However, the use of nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent in  commercial,  industrial,  and  medical  applications  has  not  been  hindered  by  the  lack  of understanding of this process. But a deeper comprehension of this antimicrobial substance can increase its potency and open up a variety of uses. Therefore, achieving a breakthrough in the knowledge of how nanoparticles are effective in combating bacteria in the face of the antibiotic crisis is very crucial. Therefore, in this research, the main goal is to review the immunopathological and antioxidant effects of gold nanoparticles against bacterial infection.