الملخص

Spread of these concerns are related to the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals for therapeutic, prophylactic, and growth promotion purposes, leading to significant concerns about the presence of antibiotic residues in foods of animal origin. The presence of trace amounts of antibiotics in meat, milk, eggs, and other animal products is a significant issue in pharmacology and toxicology for human health. The toxicological effects of the antibiotic residues have been linked with prolonged consumption and include hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxic effects, carcinogenicity, and developmental toxicity. Antibiotic residues are also a key driver in the emergence, and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a current global health crisis impacting human, animal and environmental health. Non-compliant drug use by veterinarians, lack of proper withdrawal periods and monitoring systems all affect the persistence of drug residue. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry are becoming more often used advanced analytical techniques to detect and quantify veterinary drug residues in foods with a high level of accuracy. To limit residue contamination and maintain food safety, effective regulation, surveillance programs, antimicrobial stewardship and using alternative disease control strategies in livestock production are important. The knowledge about the pharmacological and toxicological effects of antibiotic residues is still basic for the prevention of public health risks and optimizing animal production systems.