الملخص

The present research examined whether Eruca Sativa’s alcohol extract, Eruca Sativa's nanoparticles, and Endophytic fungal extracts could prevent reproductive hormone dysfunction caused by lead acetate in male rats. Data collection occurred from Oct 2025 – Feb 2026 at the College of Vet Med, University of Kerbala, Iraq. Adult male rats (8-10 wks old) weighing between 200-250 grams were randomly assigned to one of six experimental groups: Negative Control, Positive Control (lead-exposed), Alcohol Extract Group (E. sativa), Nanoparticle Group (E. sativa), Aspergillus Endophyte Group, and Fusarium Endophyte Group. Serum Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Testosterone, and Inhibin-B were determined through ELISA assays. The highest amounts of phenolics were detected in the alcohol-based extraction solutions. Due to their small size, nanoparticles retained an appreciable number of the bioactive compounds. Treatment with Lead Acetate produced significant reductions in serum concentrations of LH, FSH, and testosterone when compared to the negative control. Significant increases in serum Inhibin-B were observed as well. Treatments with each of the four test agents resulted in statistically significant improvements in serum FSH levels. Statistically significant improvements in LH levels were achieved with both Fusarium Endophyte and E. Sativa Nanoparticles. The greatest improvement in testosterone levels was noted in animals treated with E. sativa nanoparticles. Additionally, testosterone was increased in animals treated with Fusarium endophytes. No increase in testosterone levels was seen in either of the two other treatment groups. Statistically significant decreases in serum Inhibin-B were observed in all four treatment groups.