الملخص

Climate change poses a systemic threat to livestock production in Iraq, a sector essential for national food security, rural livelihoods, and economic stability. Rising temperatures, frequent heat waves, droughts, declining water resources in the Tigris–Euphrates basin, and increasing feed import dependency collectively threaten productivity. Empirical evidence indicates that each 1°C increase above thermal comfort thresholds reduces dairy milk yield Especially in semi-arid and arid areas as Iraq, climate change poses a major danger to agricultural infrastructures worldwide. Developing diseases, woodland loss, erratic weather patterns, and temperature increases all negatively affect livestock longevity, productivity, and agriculture profits. This study examines the relationship between climate variability and the production of animals in Iraq, examines significant obstacles, and recommends integrated strategies that promote the Sustainable Development Goals 1 (Zero Poverty), 13(Climate Action), and 15 (Life on Land). Research show that increasing resilience in cow rearing requires sustainable feed and water management, improved veterinarian care, ecologically friendly practices, and supportive laws and rules.