Abstract
Chloramphenicol-induced bone marrow suppression remains a critical limitation in veterinary therapeutics. This study investigated the histological protective effects of Equisetum arvense extract on bone marrow architecture in rabbits exposed to chloramphenicol. Twenty healthy adult rabbits were divided into four groups: control, chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg), E. arvense (200 mg/kg), and combined treatment.
Bone marrow samples were collected after 21 days for histopathological examination. Chloramphenicol induced hypocellularity, depletion of granulocytic and megakaryocytic series, and expansion of adipose spaces.
In contrast, E. arvense extract preserved marrow architecture with hypercellularity and megakaryocytic proliferation, while the combined treatment demonstrated partial restoration with evidence of angiogenesis and osteoblastic activity. These results confirm that E. arvense exerts marrow-protective and regenerative effects against chloramphenicol-induced toxicity, likely due to its antioxidant and osteogenic bioactive compounds.